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Lion-class battleship
The ''Lion''-class battleships were a class of six fast battleships designed for the Royal Navy in the late 1930s. They were a larger, improved version of the ''King George V'' class with guns. Only two ships were laid down before World War II began in September 1939 and a third was ordered during the war, but their construction was suspended shortly afterwards. Their design changed several times in response to the removal of treaty restrictions on size and in light of war experience. None of the other ships planned were laid down, although there was a proposal to modify one of the suspended ships into a hybrid battleship/aircraft carrier with two 16-inch gun turrets and a flight deck. The two ships already begun were scrapped after the end of the war.
==Design and description==
The choice of gun and the mix of quadruple and twin turrets for the main battery of the ''King George V''s had been dictated by the Second London Naval Treaty, which limited battleships to standard displacement and a main calibre of 14 inches. However, when the Japanese Government refused to agree to its terms, the maximum calibre allowed reverted to 16 inches in April 1937. The Board of Admiralty then began preliminary design work on a 35,000-ton ship armed with 16-inch guns and they were promising enough that the Director of Naval Construction (DNC) was ordered to further investigate such designs, providing for several aircraft as well. To save design time, many of the features of the ''King George V''s were incorporated in the new design, but the limited size of the ship was a real challenge for the designers. The increased weight of the main armament was compensated for by a slight reduction in the overall weight of armour and the elimination of two twin gun turrets.〔Raven and Roberts, p. 315〕
The designer's issues were made much easier on 31 March 1938 when the signatories of the Treaty invoked its escalation clause because the Japanese refused to provide any information about their battleship construction programme and the signatories feared that their new ships could be outclassed by the new Japanese battleships. The new limit was at "American insistence",〔Brown ''Nelson to Vanguard'' (2000) p37〕 but the Admiralty decided to limit themselves to and nine 16-inch guns on cost grounds and that larger vessels would be unable to dock at Rosyth or Portsmouth.〔 A new design was prepared with more armour, more powerful machinery, the two twin 5.25-inch gun turrets restored, and four aircraft added. The Admiralty approved this design on 15 December and bids were solicited very shortly afterwards.〔Raven and Roberts, pp. 316–17〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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